![]() Photovoltaic solar follower for high concentration (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not leg
专利摘要:
Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration. Photovoltaic solar tracker with a structure comprising a pole (1) with foundation in the ground configured to transmit the loads of the structure to the ground, a drive mechanism and a plurality of solar collection elements. The solar tracker has a mass smaller than those known from the state of the art and better supports the stresses because it comprises at least some main beams (4, 6) among which are a plurality of structural modules (7), in the that the solar collecting elements are housed, which are rigidly joined to each other and to a central longitudinal beam (4) and an outer longitudinal beam (6) facing it. Preferably it also comprises a top support structure that works under tension to reduce deformations in the structure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) 公开号:ES2578916A1 申请号:ES201431975 申请日:2014-12-31 公开日:2016-08-02 发明作者:Ignacio NOLASCO MOMPEÁN;Sebastián CAPARRÓS JIMÉNEZ 申请人:Abengoa Solar New Technologies SA; IPC主号:
专利说明:
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FOLLOWER FOR HIGH CONCENTRATION D E S C R I P C I O N 5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention is part of the technical sector of photovoltaic solar energy, and more specifically, in the field of solar trackers. 10 A photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration is described in which the modules of high solar concentration are part of the structure of the follower intended to support them and act as beams of this, collaborating in the distribution of loads and decreasing the total weight of the same BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION To maximize the production of the photovoltaic concentration systems, it is necessary to minimize the error of aiming the followers to the sun. In general, the higher the concentration factor of the photovoltaic systems, the more demanding the requirement is to minimize said pointing error. That is, an increase in the concentration factor leads to a decrease in the acceptance angle of the optical system. In the field of high photovoltaic concentration (> 1000x), it is estimated that the maximum pointing error that solar trackers can suffer is of the order of milliradians. This error is of a degree of precision similar to that of heliostat-tracking mechanisms. Solar trackers have two degrees of freedom to be able to meet these strict targeting requirements. The normal surface of the solar tracker must be parallel to the direction of the sun's rays so it is necessary to be able to move the solar tracker to adjust its position in two axes and achieve a perfect fit. 30 The solar trackers with two degrees of freedom can be classified as single-foot comprising a foot composed of a single vertical shaft on which the tracking mechanism and the sensor plane is placed, and the carrousel which is formed by a spatial structure that supports on a plurality of rolling supports. In monoposte solar trackers, the structural stresses are transmitted to the ground through the central post, so a very solid foundation is necessary. The structural elements that make up this type of solar trackers are: a pole to transmit the load to the foundation, a pair of arms to stiffen the assembly (minimize the 5 deformations to meet the requirements of pointing and provide the system with adequate strength) , and a set of lattices to form the matrix on which the solar collection elements rest. The main forces that a solar tracker must support are its own weight, the inertial forces due to the movement of the tracker and the wind speeds more common in the area. Solar trackers must have a minimum deformation when subjected to these forces to minimize pointing error. The solar tracker must be able to continue working under the stresses suffered without its structure becoming too deformed. 15 A very important technical problem associated with the conditions described is that in order to resist certain forces, more steel mass must be added to the structure of the solar tracker. This is associated with an increase in costs and weight and also has a negative impact on the accuracy of aiming (due to the fact that weighing becomes more complicated the movement to the specific position). In addition it is essential to maintain a minimum pointing error which is directly related to improving the resistance to avoid deformations caused by the forces of weight, wind and inertial forces. From the state of the art, solutions are known, for example, that described in document US20090107542, which propose the use of tension cables. A technical problem associated The use of this solution is that it comprises a plurality of support elements arranged on the solar collector lenses that cause shadows and therefore decrease the efficiency of the collector. In addition, the structure proposed in said document comprises a single mast from which the cables start, which will not be sufficiently resistant against the wind loads that must be supported on the collector. Another drawback of this solution is that there is no structural continuity between the collector elements. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes a solar tracker of high concentration photovoltaic modules in which the solar captation elements are modules comprising a housing, at least one lens of integrated primary concentration, at least one photovoltaic cell and wiring. In the present invention, the modules are shaped so that they act as a structural element of the follower itself. In the followers of the state of the art, the structural modules are supported by 10 structural elements, such as, for example, lattices, and with the present invention part of these structural support elements are eliminated. In addition, since the modules act as structural elements, they can support loads, transmit loads to the rest of the structure and withstand deformations caused by said loads deforming minimally. Also one of the most important advantages associated with the proposed new configuration is that it is possible to reduce the mass of the structure of the follower. In most cases the mass reduction of the follower structure that can be achieved for solar trackers of a certain power with respect to those currently known in the state of the art is more than half of its mass decrease own This advantage of the decrease in the mass of the structure of the follower is associated with a decrease in the loads that the structure itself has to bear (they are smaller because the mass is smaller) and also the inertial forces that are directly proportional to the load are reduced. the mass of the body. In the state of the art each high concentration photovoltaic module acts as an independent element while with the proposed solar tracker configuration the modules are joined together, forming secondary beams, and the main beams. These secondary beams collaborate in the structure of the follower thanks to its great rigidity to 30 torsion, which limits the bending of the main beams, and also allows the deformations of the set to be limited when the secondary beams are connected with the main beams. The photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration comprises a structure with a post with foundations in the ground configured to transmit the loads of the structure to the ground, a drive mechanism and a plurality of solar captation elements. The drive mechanism could be of the electromechanical or hydraulic type. The key to the proposed solar tracker is that the support structures of the 5 solar captation modules commonly used in the state of the art have been eliminated and replaced by the plurality of modules that form the beams themselves. In an example of realization each beam could be formed by a single module of great size so that each module acts as a single beam. The structure of the solar tracker described comprises main beams that are arranged at the ends of each block of modules and that are perpendicular thereto. Each set of adjacent modules joined together or each module of large size make up the secondary beams that are arranged between the main beams, preferably perpendicular to them. fifteen More specifically, the main beams are two central main beams that comprise in their central part joining elements to the drive mechanism and two outer main beams that are each facing a central main beam. The central main beams are arranged one on each side of the pole joined to the mechanism intended for the orientation of the solar tracker by means of a rigid connection element. Between the main beams are arranged the secondary beams formed by the union of a plurality of modules or by a large module. The modules have a configuration of straight prisms with side walls configured to form a rigid connection with the side walls of adjacent modules forming secondary beams. These secondary beams are part of the structure of the solar tracker acting in the transfer of loads, stiffening the set formed by the secondary beams and the main beams, and absorbing efforts as the main beams. In addition, the secondary beams are rigidly joined to the corresponding main beams (they are arranged between a central main beam and the outer main beam facing it). In the solar trackers of the state of the art, the modules with primary concentration lenses were arranged on the structural support elements of modules (which are generally jealous) and screwed to them so they behave as a mass additional suspended that the structure of the solar tracker has to support. To support this additional mass the support structural elements of the state of the art are very thick which implies that a lot of steel is necessary for its manufacture and this increases the cost and the mass of the structure of the follower. 5 On the contrary, in the present invention the modules are rigidly joined to each other forming secondary beams (they act in the distribution of loads) and the main beams are rigidly joined in turn. In addition the modules contribute to increase the rigidity of the follower since given their structural configuration, they work very well to torsion and to flexion. In another embodiment, the union between modules is carried out by means of intermediate pieces that allow a rigid connection to the adjacent modules (optionally to the side covers). These parts can be, for example, horseshoes adapted to the perimeter of the side walls or have another configuration that allows said connection to be made. Likewise, the rigid union between pieces can be done by rivets, screws, continuous welding by 15 points, etc. Another advantage associated with the use of the described modules forming the secondary beams (or of the large modules that each form a secondary beam) and the use of the main beams is that many intermediate fastening elements are eliminated. and additional structural elements (such as lattices) with respect to the configurations of the state of the art, so that the amount of material (usually steel) to be used is greatly reduced. The solar tracker can also comprise torsion arms that extend from the joining element of the central main beams and extend in a perpendicular direction to the outer main beams. That is to say, the torsion arms extend between the connecting element of the central main beams and the outer main beams. This embodiment is intended for solar trackers in which the structural modules of the central part of the captation surface suffer deformations due to high loads. In these 30 cases, the torsion arms release these central structural modules from load. Both in the embodiments in which the solar tracker comprises torsion arms as well as in those that do not comprise them, the solar tracker can comprise a superior support structure conformed by at least: - a mast extending from the central main beams perpendicular to the captation surface (formed by the main beams and secondary beams), and - a plurality of suspension elements extending from the mast to different points of the main beams. 5 The suspension elements are distributed in such a way that they do not overshadow the collection elements (the high concentration photovoltaic modules). Thus, they provide the advantage that they allow to distribute the loads that support the main and secondary beams without negatively affecting the production of the solar tracker. 10 Preferably the suspension elements are connected at least to the midpoints of the central main beams and to the midpoints of the outer main beams. In this upper support structure comprising a plurality of suspension elements extending to the main beams, the suspension elements work in traction to counteract the forces due to the follower's own mass and to the wind acting against the surface of the support. catchment. This allows to reduce the deformations in the modules and in the main beams. With this configuration in which the solar tracker comprises an upper support structure, the tracker no longer has a mensulary structure such as the 20 solar trackers of the state of the art, but has a biapody structure (this type of structure suffers minor deformations ). The preferred embodiment of the present invention is the embodiment in which the tracker has structural modules rigidly joined together and acting as secondary beams joined rigidly to the main beams, and also has the upper support structure. The upper support structure is especially advantageous because by changing the configuration and adding the main beams and the modules that make up the secondary beams 30 a much lighter structure has been obtained. In order to deform the structure it would be necessary for the support elements to deform and yield but the support elements are able to withstand the loads due to their mass or wind and therefore ensure the non-deformation and stability of the assembly. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, an integral part of said description is accompanied, a set of drawings where, with an illustrative and non-limiting character, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows a perspective view from the top of the solar tracker where the main beams and the secondary beams formed by the plurality of modules are appreciated. Figure 2 shows a perspective view from the bottom of the solar tracker shown in Figure 1. fifteen Figure 3 shows a view of a secondary beam with a plurality of modules rigidly joined together. Figure 4 shows a view of the main beams and the upper support structure that the solar tracker can comprise. Figure 5.- Shows a perspective view of the solar tracker in the embodiment in which it comprises the upper support structure. 25 PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In the following, embodiments of the invention are described with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 5. 30 A solar tracker of high concentration photovoltaic modules is proposed with a post (1) cemented in the ground configured to transmit the loads of the structure to the ground and with a tracking mechanism arranged in the upper end (2) of the pole (1) ). The follower comprises a plurality of primary concentration lenses for capturing solar radiation. A first example of realization deals with a solar tracker of high-voltage photovoltaic modules concentration. Therefore, on each side of the post (1) a part of the captation surface is arranged. The collection surface on each side is formed by a central main beam and an outer main beam 5, and arranged between them are the high concentration photovoltaic modules forming the secondary beams (or a large module that is itself a beam high school). The two central main beams (4) comprise in their central part joining elements (5) intended to make the connection to the drive mechanism. The union is made at the upper end (2) of the post, where the tracking mechanism is. Likewise, two external main beams (6) are arranged parallel to each one to a central main beam (4). The solar tracker comprises solar collector elements which are high concentration photovoltaic modules (7) having a lens (3) of primary concentration integrated on one of its faces. Said modules (7) are joined together with a rigid union. As seen in Figure 3 the modules (7) have a configuration of straight prisms with side walls (8) configured to join rigidly with the side walls (8) of adjacent modules (7) forming secondary beams (20). These secondary beams (20) are rigidly joined to a central main beam (4) and an outer main beam (6) facing it, acting as an integrating part of the structure of the follower itself. Preferably the side walls (8) are sheets of approximately 1 mm thick and which are suitably stiffened by ribs. These side walls 25 (8) act as connection flanges between modules (7) and between the modules (7) and the beams main (4, 6). These joints are capable of transmitting bending and torsional forces. Preferably these joints are made by screwdriver but could also be by welding. The high concentration photovoltaic modules (7) comprise at least one lens (3) of primary concentration which is the upper face of the module (7) and lower and side walls (8) formed in steel sheet. The lens (3) is made of glass by transmitting light from the solar spectrum and by being resistant to high temperatures. Said modules (7) work in a mixed manner since the primary concentration lens (3) acts to support the compressive loads and the steel sheet of the walls, which is thin, acts to support the loads at traction. Thanks to the configuration of the proposed module (7), very advantageous results are obtained in terms of stress support since the two materials (glass lens and steel housing) work under the best conditions for them. In addition to being a closed module (7) also good results in torsion work are achieved. In another embodiment, the union between modules (7) is carried out by means of intermediate pieces 10 which are joined to the modules (7) by rivets and which allow a rigid connection to the side walls (8) of adjacent modules (7). These pieces can be, for example, horseshoes adapted to the perimeter of the side walls (8). The essential conditions of the modules is that they adapt to the working conditions of the solar tracker with the minimum possible deformation, resisting the load of the wind without reaching the plasticizing tensions of the steel, not allowing the glass of the lenses to fracture and being stable against the buckling of the sheets that make up its walls. The primary concentration lens (3) is a structural component of the module (7) and is able to withstand deformations and load stresses by being attached to the housing by a structural adhesive that also gives the system some flexibility. An example of adhesive would be a silicone. Preferably inside the module (7) the set of photovoltaic cells and secondary optics are arranged. Additionally, heat dissipation means consisting of an active or passive cooling system can be provided to evacuate the heat that is produced in the cell (high temperature of the cell). The heat sinks can be external to the module, internally there may be some thermal paste stuck between the cell and the housing. 30 Also preferably the main beams (4, 6) are formed with steel sheet. They may have for example a "C" configuration so that the secondary beams (20) are arranged between the arms of the "C" to ensure that it fits better. The main beams may have other configurations but the requirement that they must comply is that there at least one flat face to which the secondary beams (20) are joined. In addition, the main beams (4, 6) could comprise a plurality of first stiffeners (21) arranged in the transverse direction. Preferably the first stiffeners (21) are welded to the main beams to improve the behavior against torsional buckling and lateral buckling of the compressed wing. The main beams transmit the efforts to the area of union with the pole (1) of the solar tracker. The central main beams (4) have a greater thickness than the outer beams (6) since they have to withstand greater loads and also comprise the joining elements (5) to the post 10 (1). In addition, the structure of the follower can comprise connecting elements between main beams (10) which are pieces intended to connect the two main central beams together. These connecting elements between main beams (10) are arranged at the ends of the central main beams and allow the loads to pass between them and help to stabilize the structure. It may also comprise second stiffeners (19) that extend through the lower walls of the modules (7) between the central main beams (4) and the outer beams 20 (6) to avoid excessive deformation when the solar tracker is moved to the vertical position, that is, up to the position in which the captation surface is practically perpendicular to the ground. In this embodiment of the invention the advantage that the solar tracker can be put in vertical position is obtained thanks to the fact that it comprises the joining elements of the main beams that provide structural continuity. Other advantages associated with the use of the proposed configuration are that the assembly of the assembly is simple. 30 Additionally the structure of the solar tracker can comprise a top support structure comprising at least one mast (11) formed by a lattice extending from the central main beams (4) at the point where the union elements (5) are located. post (1) perpendicularly to said central main beams (4), and elements of support (12) that start from the mast (11) and that are attached to the central main beams (4) and to the main external beams (6). Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the mast (11) is formed by a lattice with hollow tubular profiles and comprises four straight profiles (14) that are arranged two in each central main beam (4) on each side of the joining elements (5) with the post (1). The mast (11) collects the stresses transmitted by the support elements (12) and transmits them to the post (1) through the joining elements (5). In an exemplary embodiment, the upper support structure comprises additional support elements (13) that extend from the mast (1) to a point of the central main beams (4). In an exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the additional support elements (13) extend to the midpoint of the central main beams (4). The position will depend on the specific design of the solar tracker. These support elements 15 transmit the efforts of the central main beams (4) to the mast (11) and from AHI to the post (1). In a preferred embodiment of the invention as shown in figures 4 and 5 the supporting elements (12) comprise a first portion (15) that goes from the mast (11) 20 to a turning point (18) in which it joins a second portion (16) that extends to the corresponding outer main beam (6) and to a third portion (17) that extends to the corresponding central main beam (4). An indispensable condition that the support elements (12) must fulfill is that the compression force of the third portion (17) that works under compression under load of load plus gravitational load (load perpendicular to the modules (7) acting on the lenses (3) of primary concentration in the direction towards the ground) is equal to the compression stress of the first portion (15) and of the second portion (16) that work under compression under a gravitational suction load (load perpendicular to the modules (7) acting on the lower faces of the modules (7) from the ground). Furthermore, the length of the mast (11) must be such that the angles formed between the portions of the support elements (12) and the mast (11) minimize the buckling length of the portions (15, 16, 17) of the support elements (12). The length of the mast must also meet the condition of being the minimum possible meeting the above conditions to have less material and lower costs. The solar tracker for high concentration described here allows to withstand loads of up to 5 30 km / h of wind in a descent position (position in which the captation surface is inclined so that the normal of this surface is parallel to the sun's rays) and up to 140 km / h in a safety position (position in which the catchment surface is parallel to the ground facing upwards so that in case of wind strong this falls as little as possible on said catchment surface). 10 In addition, the solar tracker of the preferred embodiment in which it comprises high concentration photovoltaic modules that act as structural elements and the upper support structure can support the same wind loads as a solar tracker of more than double the weight of the present one. invention That is, with half the weight (and therefore with Much less cost) the same resistance results are obtained as with the solar trackers of the state of the art. In an example of embodiment, for a follower of a catchment area of 90 m2 and a power of capture of approximately 25 kWp, the weight of the solar tracker has been reduced to an approximate range of between 890 and 1000 kg. twenty
权利要求:
Claims (15) [1] R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S 1. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration with a structure that includes: - a post (1) with foundation in the ground configured to transmit the loads of the structure to the ground, - a drive mechanism, - a plurality of solar captation elements, and is characterized in that it comprises at least: - two central main beams (4) comprising in their central part union elements 10 (5) to the post and arranged one on each side of the post (1) attached to the upper end (2) of this, - two external main beams (6) facing each a central main beam (4), and where the solar collector elements are formed by high concentration photovoltaic modules (7) that are rigidly joined to each other and to a main beam 15 (4) and an outer main beam (6). [2] 2. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules (7) have a configuration of straight prisms with side walls (8) configured to join rigidly to the side walls (8) of adjacent modules (7) 20 forming secondary beams (20) that are rigidly joined to a central main beam (4) and to an outer main beam (6) facing it. [3] 3. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1 characterized in that the adjacent modules (7) are joined together by rivets. 25 [4] 4. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjacent modules are rigidly joined to each other by means of intermediate pieces that are joined to the modules (7) with rivets. 30 5. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1 characterized because the high concentration photovoltaic modules comprise a primary concentration lens (3) which is the upper face of the module (7) and lower and side walls (8) formed in sheet steel. [6] 6. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 5 characterized in that the steel sheets of the modules (7) are sheets with ribs. [7] 7. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the main beams (4, 6) are formed with steel plate. [8] 8. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 7, characterized in that the main beams (4, 6) have a "C" configuration. 10 9. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 7 characterized in that the main beams (4, 6) comprise a plurality of first stiffeners (21) arranged in transverse direction. [10] 10. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises elements of union of main beams (10) that are pieces intended to connect the two main central beams (4) together. [11] 11. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises second stiffeners (19) that extend through the 20 lower walls of the modules (7) between the main central beams (4) and the outer (6). [12] 12. - Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1 characterized in that additionally comprises torsion arms that extend from the 25 joining elements (5) from the main main beams (4) to the main external beams (6). [13] 13. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises a top support structure comprising the 30 less: - a mast (11) formed by a lattice extending from the central main beams (4) at the point where the joining elements (5) to the post (1) are perpendicular to said central main beams (4), - support elements (12) that start from the mast (11) and are attached to the beams main power stations (4) or main external beams (6). [14] 14. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 13, characterized in that the upper support structure additionally comprises elements of 5 reinforcement (13) that start from the mast (11) to the main central beams (4). [15] 15. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 13, characterized in that the supporting elements (12) comprise a first portion (15) that goes from the mast (11) to a turning point (18) in which joins a second portion (16) that 10 extends to the outer main beam (6) and a third portion (17) extending to the central main beam (4). [16] 16. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 15 characterized in that the support elements (12) meet the condition that the compression effort 15 of the third portion (17) under pressure load plus gravitational load is equal to the compression stress of the first portion (15) and the second portion (16) that work under compression under more gravitational suction. [17] 17. Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration according to claim 15, characterized in that the length of the mast (11) is the minimum length that allows the angles that form the portions (15, 16, 17) of the support elements (12) and with the mast (11) to minimize the buckling length of the portions (15, 16, 17) of the support elements (12) .
类似技术:
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 ES2578916B1|2017-05-22| WO2016107954A1|2016-07-07| EP3242095A1|2017-11-08|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 US6662801B2|2001-10-02|2003-12-16|Pinnacle West Capital Corporation|Celestial tracking apparatus and method of controlling wind stow therefor| ES2351919B8|2009-07-28|2012-05-30|Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A.|SOLAR FOLLOWER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR MODULES OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ROTARY TYPE FOR COVER AND SOLAR HUERTS.| EP2534703A1|2010-02-10|2012-12-19|Quadra Solar Corporation|Concentrated photovoltaic and thermal system| WO2013186796A1|2012-06-14|2013-12-19|Alitec S.R.L.|Tracker for high concentration photovoltaic system.|CN106253822A|2016-08-31|2016-12-21|甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司|A kind of revolution combination type double-axis tracking photovoltaic support structure|
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 ES201431975A|ES2578916B1|2014-12-31|2014-12-31|SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FOLLOWER FOR HIGH CONCENTRATION|ES201431975A| ES2578916B1|2014-12-31|2014-12-31|SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FOLLOWER FOR HIGH CONCENTRATION| EP15875291.5A| EP3242095A1|2014-12-31|2015-12-29|Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration| PCT/ES2015/070961| WO2016107954A1|2014-12-31|2015-12-29|Photovoltaic solar tracker for high concentration| 相关专利
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